Mubisanzwe, cyari igihe gikora cyane kuri Chen Ailing.Rimwe na rimwe yashoboraga kubona ibicuruzwa bitandatu cyangwa birindwi kumunsi.Tutibagiwe, mu gitondo cyo ku ya 10 Nyakanga uyu mwaka, nta n'abagenzi batamenyereye baza kugura cyangwa ngo abone ibicuruzwa bivuye mu mahanga.Chen Ailing yagize ati: "Mugihe byari hafi nko mu mwaka ushize, ntabwo nagusura nawe nonaha."Chen Ailing w'imyaka 56 y'amavuko yakoraga iduka ryibicucuUmujyi mpuzamahanga wa Yiwuigihe kinini cyane.Muri rusange, boherejwe kuva Yiwu.Ibyo ari byo byose, mu mezi ashize, ubucuruzi bwe bwaragabanutse.
Ibihe bya Chen Ailing ni ibintu bisanzwe byabayobozi binguni 75.000 mumujyi wa Yiwu International Trade City.Kuva igice cya COVID-19, ikibazo cyumujyi wa Yiwu International Trade City, aho guhanahana amakuru bitamenyerewe bigereranya 70% yubunini bwuzuye, byagize ingaruka zikomeye.Abacuruzi benshi ku isoko babwiye abanyamakuru ko ubucuruzi bwazanye igice kinini cyuyu mwaka, kandi bamwe bashobora kugabanukaho 70% cyangwa ikindi kintu nkicyo.Mu myaka 20 ishize, Yiwu International Trade City yabonye "ububiko bwisi" hamwe no kungurana ibitekerezo bitamenyerewe.Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, mugihe cyimpinduka zikomeye kuri iyi si no kuzamuka kwuzuye kuri interineti, iri shurwe ryororerwa nuburyo busanzwe bwo guhanahana amakuru rihura nubukonje bukomeye.
Kuva Kwohereza mu Isoko ryo mu Gihugu
Ivunjisha rimwe ryigeze rifasha Yiwu ibikoresho bike byo kugurisha isoko gutera imbere, icyakora kugeza ubu byiyongereyeho nko kugabanuka mubucuruzi.Chen Tiejun, ihame ry’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu biro by’ubucuruzi bya Yiwu, yabwiye abanditsi ko mu mezi abiri ashize, igice cyo kwinjira cya Yiwu cyerekanaga "W uburyo".Ni ukuvuga, bitewe nicyorezo cyo murugo muri Gashyantare, igiciro cyibiciro cyibanze.Hanyuma, icyo gihe, hamwe no gukwirakwira kw’icyorezo ku isi mu mpera za Werurwe, ibiciro byongeye kugabanuka.Na none, amabwiriza yatangiye gukomera kuva muri Gicurasi.
Nkuko byagaragajwe na Chen Tiejun, mu myaka yashize, umubare w’abatwara ibicuruzwa by’amahanga bahoraho muri Yiwu wari 15.000, kandi abarenga 500.000 bashinzwe gucunga amafaranga y’amahanga basuye isoko rya Yiwu buri mwaka.Muri Werurwe uyu mwaka, guverinoma ya Yiwu yakiriye Yiwu abacuruzi 10,000 b’abanyamahanga, nyamara abagera ku 4000 ni bo bagarutse kubera inzitizi z’imodoka.Nk’uko ubushishozi bwatanzwe na Biro y’Ubuyobozi bwa Yiwu Exit-Entry, kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Mata, muri Yiwu hari abantu 36,066 binjijwe mu mahanga, umwaka ushize ugabanukaho 79.3%, mu gihe umubare w’abacuruzi b’abanyamahanga igihe cyose baba muri Yiwu wagabanutse ugera kuri 7,200 cyangwa ahandi hafi, kugabanuka hafi kimwe cya kabiri.Mu mezi make ashize, Chen Ailing yategereje ibizaba ku bacuruzi bo mu mahanga.Hatitawe ku mubare w'abacuruzi bo mu mahanga, cyangwa kuhagera ibicuruzwa binyuze kuri WeChat, terefone, n'ibindi, ubucuruzi bwa Chen Ailing bwaragabanutse cyane kandi mu myaka yashize.Muri uku kwezi kwa Mata, Chen Ailing yabonye ibicuruzwa 11 gusa, kandi ibyinshi nibisabwa bike byamafaranga.Nyamara, muri Mata gushize, yari yabonye ibicuruzwa bitarenze 40.
Utitaye ku kuba yarabonye amabwiriza, Chen Ailing yari igihe cyose arwana.Indwara y'ibyorezo mu mahanga ntabwo ihagaze.Tekereza ibintu atashoboye kubona igice nyuma yo gukora ibintu byinshi.Ariko, kubwamahirwe yuko ibyaremwe bidakozwe neza nonaha, ntabwo bizahura nigihe cyo gutambuka.Muri uku kwezi kwa Werurwe, Chen Ailing yabonye ibicuruzwa bitatu by’amahanga byiyongeraho birenga 70.000, byabanje gutangwa ngo bitangwe muri uko kwezi.Ibyo ari byo byose, nyuma, yaje kwigishwa ko ubwikorezi bwasubitswe, kandi ibicuruzwa byari byashyizwe mu bubiko.
Mugihe cyicyorezo, ntabwo inyungu zose zicuruzwa ryabakiriya zagabanutse, kandi ibiciro byibikoresho byo kurwanya ibyorezo byaragutse rwose.Chen Tiejun yavuze ko guhera mu mpera za Werurwe kugeza muri Kamena, amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu gutanga ibyorezo bituruka mu mujyi wa Yiwu yageze kuri miliyari 6.8.Nubwo ibi byagereranyaga gato miliyari 130 yu bucuruzi mu gice cyambere cyumwaka, amashyirahamwe menshi yo muri Yiwu ntabwo yabanje guhugukira mu bucuruzi bw’ibikoresho by’ibyorezo, urugero, ibitambaro byanyuze mu mpinduka.Ku mashyirahamwe amwe n'amwe, igiciro cyo kwanga ibikoresho byanduye cyageze kuri 1/3 cy'ubucuruzi bwabo bwose.
Mu bubiko bwa Hongmai Household Products Co., Ltd. mu igorofa rya gatanu ry’akarere ka 4 mu mujyi wa Yiwu International Trade City, Lan Longyin, umugenzuzi mukuru, yeretse abanyamakuru videwo y’imashini yihuta itanga umwenda wa 650 mu kanya kamwe .Ishirahamwe ryiwe ryabanje gutwarwa nibintu byumuryango, kurugero, U-mold padi.Kubera icyorezo, ubucuruzi bwe kubicuruzwa byabakiriya bidafite agaciro mumasoko yatashye byaragabanutse.Byongeye kandi, ubucuruzi bw’ivunjisha n’ubucuruzi bwagabanutseho kimwe cya kabiri.Kuva muri Werurwe, we na bagenzi be bakoresheje miliyoni nkeya mu kugura iyi mashini itanga umwenda maze batangira gukora ibipfukisho byurwego.Mu mezi abiri, batanze ibifuniko bingana na miliyoni 20 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda.Igice kinini cy'ibifuniko cyoherejwe muri Koreya y'Epfo, Maleziya, no mu bindi bihugu byo mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, inyungu za miliyoni magana.Hanyuma, icyo gihe yakoresheje aya mafaranga mugukora umwenda wa N95.
Lanlongyin yita kurema ibifuniko "ikizamini cyubuhanga no kwihangana".Yavuze ko muri Yiwu, hari ikintu kimeze nkabakora byinshi bahindura gutanga ibitambara nka we, icyakora umubare munini wabyo watinze.Zhang Yuhu na we yabonye ko amashyirahamwe yonyine ashobora gukora neza mu gucuruza ibikoresho byo kurwanya icyorezo, kandi iyi mpinduka ntabwo yumvikana ku mashyirahamwe yose.
Zhang Yuhu afite ibitekerezo byiza cyane kubijyanye no guhindura ibintu byoherejwe murugo rwateguwe, ni ukuvuga "kugarura umugabane wo murugo."Yavuze ko abacuruzi ku isoko rya Yiwu bamaze igihe bamenyereye ubwoko bworoshye bwo kuvunja mu mahanga mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro nko kubona ibyifuzo, kohereza no kubona ibice, kandi bakaba batinya gukora amadovize mu gihugu kubera ko amadovize akeneye kwikorera kandi afite ibibazo. nko kugaruka no gucuruza ibintu.Chen Tiejun nawe yazanye ko ari ngombwa kuzamura umutungo kugirango ushireho ububiko.amasezerano yo murugo akeneye abayobozi kugirango bakure imiyoboro, kurugero, ububiko bwibiryo hamwe nubucuruzi bwo kumurongo.Icyarimwe, isoko ryibicuruzwa byabaguzi ni byiza cyane mubushinwa.
Kugira ngo barusheho gucengera ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu, kuva muri Werurwe, guverinoma ya Yiwu hamwe na Mall Group yohereje amatsinda 20 y’imishinga mu gihugu kugira ngo akurure abaguzi bo mu gihugu.Muri ubwo buryo, bohereje ibirori bya "Miles mu Isoko" kandi bakora inama ya dock hamwe no kohereza ibintu bishya mumiryango minini yimijyi no mubucuruzi bwubushake mu gihugu hose.
Zhejiang Xingbao Umbrella Industry Co., Ltd. numusaruro wumutaka kandi ukora imishingaUmujyi mpuzamahanga wa Yiwu.Mbere, ibintu byayo byatangwaga muri Porutugali, Espagne, Ubufaransa, ndetse n’ibihugu bitandukanye.Kubera icyorezo, cyatangiye kwagura isoko ryimbere muri uyu mwaka.Nyir'iryo shyirahamwe, Zhang Jiying, yabwiye abanyamakuru ko ibyo basabwa kugira ngo bahanahana amakuru ndetse no kuvunja mu gihugu ari umwihariko.Abakiriya baturutse mu Butaliyani, Espanye, no mu bihugu bitandukanye bishimangira ibintu bifite ijwi ridasobanutse neza.Mugihe hariho ingero zashushanyije, zitanga ingero nziza kandi zirenze urugero.Bibe uko bishoboka, abakiriya bo murugo batekereza ko bigoye kubyemera no gushyigikira gahunda nshya kandi zifatizo.
Nkuko byagaragajwe na Zhao Ping, ukuriye ishami rishinzwe ubushakashatsi ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga mu nama y’Ubushinwa ishinzwe guteza imbere ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, iki cyorezo kizatuma igabanuka ry’inyungu z’inyungu mu gihe runaka nyuma.Muri ubu buryo, isoko rya Yiwu rigomba kuba zeru mu kongera iterambere ry’imbere mu gihugu kandi rigakora uburinganire bw’ivunjisha haba mu bucuruzi ndetse no mu gihugu imbere.
Inzira kuri E-Ubucuruzi na Live Yamamaza
Muri 2014, Chen Ailing yakurikiranye ko ubucuruzi bwahagaritswe butari bunini nko mu bihe byashize, kandi buri mwaka amafaranga yo kuvunja yavuye kuri miliyoni 10 hejuru yayo agera kuri miliyoni 8.Yavuze ko igabanuka ry'ubucuruzi ku ngaruka z'ubucuruzi bwa interineti.Guhangayikishwa nuko ashaje gato, ntabwo arabye kumaduka ye kumurongo."Muri iki gihe, interineti yatumye isoko irushaho kuba mu buryo butaziguye. Urubyiruko rushobora kuvugana mu buryo butaziguye n'abaguzi ku murongo ucururizwamo ku murongo wa interineti, hanyuma bagahitamo kwitanga cyangwa bagirana amasezerano n'ibiti. Bashobora gucunga neza amafaranga make yo kugura gusa. Urubuga rushingiye ku bucuruzi. Mu gihe igiciro cyaciwe kidakabije, igice cy'ubucuruzi bwe gikeneye gutanga inzira ku bucuruzi bushingiye ku rubuga. "
Umuyobozi w’inzobere muri komite ishinzwe iterambere ry’isoko rya Yiwu, Fan Wenwu, yabwiye abanditsi ko iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi muri Yiwu ritari kure cyane ngo dusubire inyuma.Byongeye kandi, iterambere ryayo riri hejuru mubushinwa, nyuma ya Shenzhen.Nyamara, ikibazo ni uko abashoramari bashingiye ku mbuga n’abayobozi ku isoko rya Yiwu badahurira hamwe. "Igice kinini cy’ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti kiracyari abantu ku isoko rya Yiwu."
Mu myumvire ya Jia Shaohua, uwahoze ahagarariye umunyeshuri mukuru wa Yiwu Vocational and Technique College of Industry and Commerce, ahagana mu 2009, hamwe n’iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bwa interineti, abatwara ibicuruzwa mu mujyi wa Yiwu International Trade City batangiye kumva igitutu.Ibihe nkibi bishingiye cyane nyuma ya 2013. Ikirenze ibyo, abacuruzi bake batangiye kugira icyo bakora haba kurubuga kandi bahagarika icyarimwe.
Ahagana mu 2014, Li Xiaoli, nyiri iduka ku isoko rya Yiwu, yakurikiranye icyerekezo maze agerageza gucuruza imiyoboro ya interineti.Kugeza ubu hafi 40% yubucuruzi bwe bwo kuvunja biva kumurongo.Ibyo ari byo byose, mubyukuri ntashobora kuguma kure yingaruka zubucuruzi bushingiye kumurongo.Imyaka cumi n'itanu ibanziriza, ubukode ku mfuruka ze bwari hafi 900.000 buri mwaka.Nyamara, umwaka ushize, kubera amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu kazi no kugabanuka kwinzira zitwara abagenzi, yagombaga kugurisha imwe mu mfuruka ze, mugihe ubukode bwamaduka bwagabanutse cyane kugera ku 450.000.
Mu guhangana n'urujya n'uruza rw'ubucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi, muri 2012, Itsinda rya Mall ryongeye kohereza urubuga rwitwa YiwuGo.Ibyo ari byo byose, abacuruzi benshi n'abashinzwe inganda bavunnye ko uru rubuga, muri rusange, ari urwego rwo kwerekana ibicuruzwa kandi ntirugerageza ubushobozi bwo guhana.Abaguzi benshi bahitamo kurangiza guhanahana ibicuruzwa bidacitse.Zhou Huaishan, umugenzuzi mukuru wa Yishang Think Tank, yavuze ko urubuga rwa Yiwu Go rusa cyane n’urupapuro rwinjira mu ishyirahamwe rya Mall Group, ridafite akamaro kanini.
Icyarimwe, ntabwo rwose abacuruzi benshi mumasoko ya Yiwu binjiye muri sitasiyo mpuzamahanga ya Alibaba.Umuyobozi wa Alibaba International Business Unit Yiwu Umuyobozi w’akarere, Zhang Jinyin yavuze ko kuva uyu muryango washingwa, hari abayobozi 7,000 kugeza 8000 baturutse muri Yiwu bitabiriye sitasiyo mpuzamahanga ya Alibaba, yandika 20% byabayobozi bose ku isoko rya Yiwu.
Hamwe nimpinduka zitabarika, inzira kumurongo waUmujyi mpuzamahanga wa Yiwuntabwo yoroshye, nayo igabanya indi ntera yibyabaye.Nkuko bigaragazwa n’ibipimo by’ibiro bishinzwe ibarurishamibare mu mujyi wa Yiwu, kuva mu 2011 kugeza 2016, umubare w’ivunjisha w’umujyi mpuzamahanga wa Yiwu wavuye kuri miliyari 45.606 ugera kuri miliyari 110.05, nyamara ingano y’ivunjisha mu bicuruzwa byuzuye bya Yiwu yagabanutse kuva kuri 43% kugeza kuri 35%.Ibi bivuze ko mugihe cyo kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage ubucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi, ubushobozi bwumujyi bwo gukusanya umutungo wumujyi wose bugenda bugabanuka, kandi ntibishimishije.Kuva muri 2014 kugeza 2018, uko byagenda kose ubucuruzi bwisoko ryumujyi wa Yiwu International Trade City bwagabanutseho buhoro buhoro, igipimo cyiterambere kiragabanuka, kuva 25.5% muri 2014 kugeza 10.8% ubu.
Icyorezo cyabujije isoko rya Yiwu gukomeza kumenya ibihe.Zhang Yuhu yavuze, kubera imbogamizi za Yiwu Go, guhera muri Werurwe, Itsinda rya Mall ryubaka ibicuruzwa byuzuye, ibintu byose, hamwe n’ibicuruzwa byateye imbere mu Bushinwa, yizera ko byuzuye mu guhanahana amakuru ku bicuruzwa byose bishobora kugerwaho. kuri reba.Ubushobozi bukomeye bwa Chinagoods nugukingura inyuma-iherezo ryihana.Mbere, nyuma yuko umuguzi asabye icyifuzo, ubwikorezi bwo gutwara ibicuruzwa hamwe na gasutamo byarangiye nimiryango itamenyerewe no guhuza ibikorwa.Kugeza ubu, ubwo buyobozi bukurikira bushobora guhuzwa muburyo bumwe bwo kuyobora.
Ku ya 19 Kamena 2019, guverinoma ya Yiwu naItsinda rya Alibabayashyize ahagaragara eWTP (World Electronic Trade Platform) gahunda yingenzi yubufatanye muri Yiwu, bivuze ko ubukungu bukomeye ku isoko rya interineti ku isi ndetse n’ubukungu bw’isoko rikomeye ku isi bitangira kubigiramo uruhare.
Ali yongeyeho gufasha abayobozi ba Yiwu guhinduka kuva kubihuza kurubuga.Mu gihembwe cya kabiri cy'uyu mwaka, abayobozi bashya ba Yiwu bagera ku 1.000 binjiye muri sitasiyo ya Ali, kandi 30% muri bo bari abayobozi mu mujyi wa Yiwu International Trade City.Zhang Jinyin yavuze ko abo bayobozi basanzwe bafite ibibazo bibiri by'ibanze: imipaka y'ururimi no kutagira ubushobozi bwo guhanahana amakuru;nanone, ntabwo bafite uburambe kubikorwa bya e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka.
Ese Yiwu Isoko Rito Ibicuruzwa byinshi bizasabwa rwose nubucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi umunsi umwe?
Zhang Yuhu siko abibona.Yavuze ko mu cyiciro gikurikira, hakiri ibisabwa ku maduka adaciwe mu mujyi wa Yiwu International Trade City.Ku ruhande rumwe, ukuri kurashobora kuba umunyamahanga kuruta ibihimbano.Abacunga amafaranga yamahanga bazaza muri Yiwu inshuro nke buri mwaka.Noneho na none, ububiko bwahagaritswe nabwo bwagutse kugirango ukomeze uhuze hagati yabaguzi n'abayobozi.Umuyobozi w’akanama gashinzwe iterambere ry’isoko rya Yiwu, Fan Wenwu, yavuze ko ukurikije uko ubuyobozi bwa Leta bubibona, biteganijwe ko hazabaho guhuza ibikorwa ku rubuga hanyuma bigahagarikwa nyuma.
Ariko, uko Chen Zongsheng abibona, hamwe no kurushaho kunoza isoko rito ku rubuga, itangwa ryo guhanahana ibicuruzwa rizagabanuka byiyongera, nuburyo rusange.Zhang Kuo, umuyobozi mukuru wa sitasiyo mpuzamahanga ya Alibaba, yavuze ko nyuma yaho, amaduka atagabanijwe atazagerageza imirimo yo guhanahana amakuru, nyamara akazi ko kwerekana, kwerekana ibintu mu buryo nyabwo kugira ngo abaguzi bashobore kumva neza ibintu.Gukoresha udushya dusanzwe kugirango uhimbe icyumba cyo kwerekana cyerekana ko koridoro nyayo itagomba kubaho.Amakuru y'abaguzi n'abacuruzi hamwe no guhanahana amakuru arashobora kuboneka kurubuga, bishobora no kwita kubibazo byamafaranga.
Kuruhande rwiterambere ryubucuruzi bwa interineti, kugurisha ibintu muburyo bwoherejwe byabaye icyitegererezo.Umufana Wenwu yavuze ko kugeza ubu, Umujyi wa Yiwu urimo kubaka ahantu hose ku isi.Mbere yuko umwaka wa 2019 urangira, muri Yiwu hari abantu barenga 3.000 ba superstars ba enterineti zitandukanye kandi barenga 40 bashinzwe imiyoboro yubucuruzi ishingiye kumurongo.Muri uyu mwaka, Yiwu yohereza ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwa Live byateje imbere isoko nyirizina ndetse n’ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti kugira ngo hubakwe amasezerano arenga miliyari 20 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda, ibyo bikaba bihwanye na kimwe cya 10 cy’urubuga rw’ubucuruzi rushingiye ku bucuruzi muri uwo mwaka.
Kubona uburyo bwo gutangaza imbonankubone, Yiwu Mall Group yashyizeho ibyumba birenga 200 byubusa byogusaba abacuruzi kuvugana mugihe nyacyo.Abigisha bo muri kaminuza yubucuruzi munsi ya Mall bongeyeho ibikoresho bitera inkunga byo gukora imbonankubone bitegura abatwara ibicuruzwa.Nyamara ntabwo mubyukuri abayobozi benshi kumasoko batangira gutanga imbonankubone.
Nyamara, ntabwo ibintu byose bikwiriye kuvugana neza.Zhang Yuhu yavuze ko ibikoresho nini cyane, ibikoresho bya pulasitiki, zipper, n'ibindi bigoye kumenyekanisha mu buryo bwa Live.Zhao Chunlan yavuze ko imipaka igaragara cyane yo gutangaza amakuru ari imbogamizi kandi zidashoboka.Kurugero, umucuruzi muto ugurisha igitambaro kumasoko abona VIP kumurongo kugirango yuzuze ibyerekanwe kubintu bye, bishobora kuzana ibyifuzo bike icyarimwe.Kandi, bahora baganira kuri buri kintu kimwe.Izo superstars zo hejuru za enterineti zifite imiyoboro yabyo.
Chen Zongsheng yavuze ko ibiganiro byerekanwa na byo bikemura ibibazo, urugero, igiciro gito cyibintu, kugabanya amafaranga yinjira muri rusange, hamwe n’ibiranga ibisabwa kugira ngo bitezimbere.Umufana Wenwu yemera ko, ibintu byose bisuzumwa, gutangaza imbonankubone ni ingamba zerekana gusa binyuze mu guhanga udushya.Ibintu bikomeye ni ngombwa.
Nkuko Zhang Jinyin abibona, inyungu zikomeye ziterambere rya Yiwu mu bucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi ziri mu bubiko bw’ibikorwa no guhuza ibikorwa.Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza Gicurasi, Yiwu yihuse ya serivise yashyizwe ku mwanya wa mbere muri ako karere, naho iya kabiri mu gihugu cyose.Kurugero, Zhang Jinyin yavuze ko mumirometero 5 hafi ya Yiwu, gutwara ibintu, kwemeza gasutamo, no kwigunga bishobora kurangira, kandi ikiguzi ni gito.Kwemera kuvunja murugo urugero, Shentong Express itangirira hafi 3 kugeza kuri 4 kumafaranga yoherejwe mubice bitandukanye byigihugu, icyakora usanga ari 0.8 RM kuri buri gice muri Yiwu.Uretse ibyo, mu kintu gito giteranyirizwa hamwe nka Yiwu, ni ingirakamaro kubintu byabugenewe, umurimo udasanzwe, no gutera imbere.
Mu 2000, Alibaba yaratuwe gusa, yari ishyirahamwe rito ridasobanutse.Mugihe Yiwu isoko rito ryamamaye kwisi yose.Nyamara, kugeza ubu, ku ya 27 Nyakanga, isoko rya Shanghai rifite agaciro ka Yiwu Mall ryari miliyari 35.93.Icyarimwe, agaciro ka Alibaba kavunja muri Amerika karenze miliyari 670 USD.Mugihe ugana gushaka icyitegererezo, Yiwu mubyukuri bigomba kugenda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-16-2021